Itens Almoravid dynasty
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(en) Islamic state (in Arabic, ad-dawlah al-islamīyah) is a kind of government (monarchy, republic or democracy) based on Islamic religious law. The Caliphate is a form of monarchic government headed by the Caliph (in Arabic, khalīfa) who is the regent, acting as successor of Muhammad. Second in command after the Caliph, with political and military roles, is the Emir (in Arabic, amīr) literally a "commander". Another sovereign title used by numerous Arab and non-Arab dynasties is the Sultan (in Arabic, sulṭān, "strength", "authority") supreme head of Sunni Islam and ruler in the Ottoman Empire. Arab Bedouin, led by the Prophet Muhammad, starting from 7th century with the Islamic expansion, conquered a huge territory, divulgating or converting different peoples, and continued until the 18th century thanks to the Ottoman and Mughal Empires. After Muhammad's death, the first Caliphate was established. During this first Caliphate, called the Rashidun Caliphate (in Arabic, Khilāfat al-Rāshidūn "Caliphate of the Orthodox") that spanned from 632 to 661, the Umma was governed by the four chosen Caliphs: Abū Bakr, marUmar ibn al-Khattāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAlī b. Abi Tālib. The "Orthodox" Caliphate was replaced by the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) which was governed by the Umayyad dynasty (in Arabic, al-'Umawiyyūn or Banū'Umayya "Sons of Umayya"), coming from Mecca. After toppling the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid revolution, the Abbasid Caliphate (in Arabic, ʿAbbāsiyyūn) was established and lasted from 750 to 1258. The culmination of the Abbasid power was under Hārūn al-Rashīd. His life and fabulous court have been the subject of many anecdotes; the famous tale "One Thousand and One Nights" contains many stories inspired by the myth of his magnificent court. The Fatimid Caliphate (in Arabic, Fāṭimiyyūn) constituted, between 909 and 1171, the most important Ismaili Shiite dynasty in the whole history of Islam and owes its name to the descent from Fātima bt. Muhammad, daughter of the prophet Muhammad. In the mid-11th century, the Seljuks won over the Fatimids in Syria and the loss of Palestine followed, after the Crusades and Saladin's victory in Egypt, marking the end of the Arab empire and the beginning of the new Ayyubid dynasty. After the destruction of the Abbasid Empire by the Mughal Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire came to power. In 1453, it conquered Constantinople, renamed it Istanbul and made it the capital of the empire. Today there are about 1.1 billion Muslims and, not only being Arab, Islam is represented in many major cultures in over 60 countries.
Almoravid dynasty:
Troca
Dinar (1040-1147)
AV Dinar (1) - AR Dirham (⁷⁄₁₀) - AE Fals (¹⁄₆₀)
1⁄16 Qirat - Ali ibn Yussuf S.D. (1106-1128)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
0,07 g • ⌀ 6,8 mm
Album Islamic# C469, N# 391986
¼ Qirat - Ali ibn Yussuf S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,35 g • ⌀ 8 mm
Album Islamic# 469, N# 356756
½ Qirat - Abu Bakr ibn Umar S.D.
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,4 g • ⌀ 9,0 mm
Vives arab# 1444, N# 453197
½ Qirat - Abu Bakr ibn Umar S.D.
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,4 g • ⌀ 8,5 mm
Vives arab# 1444, Album Islamic# 462A, N# 449401
½ Qirat - Yūsuf ibn Tāshfīn S.D.
Moedas
Prata • 0,41 g • ⌀ 9,4 mm
Album Islamic# A465.1, Vives arab# 1539, N# 430998
Qirat - Abu Bakr ibn Umar S.D. (1056-1087)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,5 g • ⌀ 9,5 mm
Vives arab# 1445, N# 434432
½ Qirat - 'Ali ibn Yusuf (Meknes) S.D. (1106-1142)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,45 g • ⌀ 10 mm
Album Islamic# 468, N# 386093
½ Qirat - 'Ali ibn Yusuf S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,48 g • ⌀ 9,1 mm
Album Islamic# 468, Vives arab# 1769, Mozos# Ce15, N# 257984
½ Qirat - Tashfin ibn 'Ali S.D. (1143-1145)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,4 g
Vives arab# 1873, N# 72573
Qirat - Abu Bakr ibn 'Umar S.D. (1056-1087)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,7 g • ⌀ 11 mm
Album Islamic# 462, Vives arab# 1443, N# 217157
Qirat - Ali ibn Yusuf (sans émir) S.D. (1106-1128)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,8 g • ⌀ 10 mm
Album Islamic# 467.1, Vives arab# 1701, N# 386937
Qirat - Ali ibn Yusuf (sans émir) S.D. (1106-1128)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,9 g • ⌀ 12 mm
Vives arab# 1694, N# 434436
Qirat - 'Ali ibn Yusuf S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 1 g • ⌀ 9 mm
N# 40639
Qirat - 'Ali ibn Yusuf S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,9 g • ⌀ 11 mm
N# 51417
Qirat - Ali ibn Yusuf S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,89 g • ⌀ 11 mm
Vives arab# 1704, N# 417161
Qirat - Ali ibn Yusuf (Meknes) S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,9 g • ⌀ 12 mm
Vives arab# 1707, N# 378456
Qirat - 'Ali ibn Yusuf S.D. (1128-1132)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,97 g • ⌀ 10 mm
Vives arab# 1775, N# 186159
Qirat - Ali ibn Yusuf avec émir Sir S.D. (1128-1139)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,8 g • ⌀ 11 mm
Album Islamic# 467.2, N# 386941
Qirat - Ali ibn Yusuf avec émir Sir S.D. (1128-1139)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,83 g • ⌀ 10 mm
Album Islamic# 467.2, N# 447626
Qirat - 'Ali ibn Yusuf (with heir Tashfin) S.D. (1139-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,87 g • ⌀ 11 mm
Vives arab# 1824-26, Album Islamic# 467.3, Mitch WI# 387ff, N# 51416
Qirat - Tashfin ibn 'Ali (with heir Ibrahim) S.D. (1143-1145)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,94 g • ⌀ 11 mm
N# 51418
Qirat - Tashfin ibn 'Ali S.D. (1143-1145)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,83 g • ⌀ 10,5 mm
Vives arab# 1881, N# 419591
Qirat - Ishaq ibn Ali 541 (1146)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,76 g • ⌀ 12,5 mm
N# 447224
Qirat - Ishaq ibn Ali (Cordoba) S.D. (1147)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Prata • 0,9 g • ⌀ 11 mm
N# 51419
Dinar - Abu Bakr ibn 'Umar S.D. (1056-1087)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Ouro 900‰ • 4,17 g
N# 72574
Dinar - Yūsuf ibn Tāshfīn S.D. (1061-1106)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Ouro 900‰ • 4,15 g
N# 76290
Dinar - 'Ali ibn Yusuf (Mursiya) S.D. (1106-1143)
Moedas › Moedas circulantes comuns
Ouro • 4,01 g
N# 85705
Moeda não especificada
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